Análisis del conocimiento sobre los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptura de serotonina (ISRS) en el manejo de la depresión por médicos residentes y concurrentes de clínica médica de 5 hospitales de CABA / Review of the Knowledge on Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) for Depression Management by Resident and Intern Physicians of the Medical Clinic of 5 Hospitals in CABA

Introducción: la depresión es un trastorno cada vez más prevalente alrededor del mundo. Los médicos generales son los profesionales de la salud más consultados por pacientes deprimidos. Más del 70% de los pacientes con depresión son vistos por médicos generales y no por especialistas en Psiquiatría. Según estudios realizados en Buenos Aires, más del 25% de los pacientes internados en Servicios de Clínica Médica en hospitales generales presenta depresión. Estos pacientes suelen ser atendidos y seguidos por médicos en formación, sean residentes o concurrentes de Clínica Médica. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar el conocimiento sobre los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptura de serotonina (ISRS) que tienen los médicos residentes y concurrentes de Clínica Médica de 5 hospitales de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) y describir el tratamiento de un paciente depresivo por ellos. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con un muestreo de tipo no probabilístico. Se utilizó como instrumento de medición un cuestionario semiestructurado organizado en dos secciones, una de datos demográficos que permiten caracterizar la muestra. La otra, de 15 ítems, explora los conocimientos sobre los ISRS y el tratamiento de la depresión. Dicho cuestionario fue revisado por 4 expertos. El instrumento es anónimo. Se aplicó a 59 médicos en formación en Clínica Médica, residentes y concurrentes, de 5 hospitales de la CABA, que participaron de forma voluntaria, durante el período agosto-septiembre de 2022. Resultados: la mayoría de los médicos en formación en Clínica Médica no tratan cuadros depresivos y, ante un paciente deprimido, solicitan la evaluación por un especialista en Salud Mental. Solo un 6,8% lo medica con un antidepresivo. Más del 75% de la muestra refiere recordar los conocimientos que tiene sobre de los ISRS de la cursada de Farmacología y un 13,6 de la cursada de Psiquiatría en la Facultad de Medicina. Conclusión: se observa un conocimiento deficitario sobre los ISRS en médicos residentes y concurrentes de Clínica Médica. Se considera necesario reforzar la formación sobre depresión y manejo de antidepresivos durante la residencia/concurrencia de Clínica Médica. (AU)

Introduction: depression is an increasingly common disorder around the world. General practitioners are the most frequently consulted health professionals by depressed patients. More than 70% of all depressed patients receive treatment by general practitioners and not by psychiatric specialists. According to studies conducted in Buenos Aires, more than 25% of all patients admitted to the Clinical Services in public hospitals present depression. These patients are usually under the care and follow-up of clinical trainee physicians, residents, or interns.This study aimed to analyze the knowledge about selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) of clinical trainee residents and interns in five hospitals in the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) and to describe their treatment of a depressive patient. Material and methods: we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sampling. We used a semi-structured questionnaire arranged into two sections as a measuring tool. One, with demographic data to describe the sample. The other, with 15 items, explores respondents' knowledge of SSRIs and the treatment of depression. Four experts reviewed the questionnaire, which was anonymous. We applied it to 59 clinical medical trainees, residents, and interns from five CABA hospitals who volunteered to participate during August-September 2022. Results: most clinical trainees do not treat depressive conditions and, when confronted with a depressed patient, request an assessment by a Mental Health specialist. Only 6.8% medicate the patient with an antidepressant. More than 75% of the sample reported remembering their knowledge of SSRIs from the Pharmacology course and 13.6% from the Psychiatry course at the School of Medicine. Conclusion: there is a deficient knowledge about SSRIs in trainee residents and interns of Clínica Médica. We believe it is necessary to reinforce training on depression and management of antidepressants during residency/internship practice in Clínica Médica. (AU)

Inteligencia emocional y su importancia en el proceso formativo de especialidades médico-quirúrgicas / Emotional Intelligence and its Importance on the Training Process as within Medical-Surgical Specialties

Introducción: La inteligencia emocional es una habilidad blanda, definida como la capacidad de reconocer las emociones propias y ajenas para gestionarlas frente a otros de manera adecuada. Este tipo de inteligencia se relaciona con competencias y aptitudes humanas en diferentes áreas sociales, académicas y de trabajo. Objetivo: Describir el papel de la inteligencia emocional en la práctica clínica de los residentes médicos, como marco de referencia para su aplicación en la educación teórico-práctica y la realización de futuras investigaciones. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS y Google Scholar. Se emplearon operadores lógicos mediante distintas combinaciones: MeSH: Emotional Intelligence, Medical Residencies, Education, Medical, Education, Medical, Graduate; y DeCS: Inteligencia Emocional, Residencia Médica, Educación Médica, Educación de Postgrado en Medicina. La búsqueda se limitó por año, idioma y acceso libre, teniendo en cuenta criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se obtuvieron 279 resultados, de los cuales fueron seleccionados 26 para ser incluidos en la revisión y síntesis de los resultados. Resultados: Los resultados se organizaron según su relación con la inteligencia emocional en: medición en residentes médico-quirúrgicos, niveles de estrés y burnout, empatía en la relación médico-paciente, desempeño académico, bienestar y satisfacción laboral. Conclusiones: La inteligencia emocional en los residentes médico-quirúrgicos se ha relacionado con menores niveles de estrés y burnout, comunicación asertiva, mayor empatía con los pacientes y calidad en la atención médica; además, con elevado rendimiento académico, mejores habilidades de enseñanza, liderazgo y motivación; y, finalmente, con mejor bienestar psicológico, satisfacción laboral y rendimiento clínico(AU)

Introduction: Emotional intelligence is a soft skill, defined as the ability to recognize one's own and others' emotions in view of managing them in front of others adequately. This type of intelligence is related to human competences and skills in different social, academic and occupational areas. Objective: To describe the role of emotional intelligence in the clinical practice of medical residents, as a frame of reference for its application in theoretical-practical education and the development of future research. Methods: A literature review was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS and Google Scholar databases. Logical operators were used by means of different combinations from the Medical Subject Headings: Emotional Intelligence, Medical Residencies, Education, Medical, Education, Medical, Graduate. The following combinations from the Health Sciences Descriptors were also used: "Inteligencia Emocional [emotional Intelligence], Residencia Médica [medical residence], Educación Médica [medical education], Educación de Postgrado en Medicina [postgraduate education in Medicine]. The search was limited by year, language and free access, taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 279 results were obtained, of which 26 were selected to be included in the review and synthesis. Results: The results were organized, according to their relationship with emotional intelligence, in measurement in medical-surgical residents, levels of stress and burnout, empathy in the doctor-patient relationship, academic performance, well-being, and job satisfaction. Conclusions: Emotional intelligence in medical-surgical residents has been related to lower levels of stress and burnout, assertive communication, greater empathy with patients, and quality in medical care; furthermore, with high academic performance, better skills for teaching, leadership and motivation; and, finally, with better psychological well-being, job satisfaction and clinical performance(AU)

Workplace bullying and sexual harassment among general surgery residents in Colombia / Acoso laboral y sexual en residentes de cirugía general en Colombia

Introduction. Workplace bullying and sexual harassment are concerns among general surgery residents in Colombia. Objective. To explore the prevalence and impact of workplace bullying and sexual harassment incidents among general surgery residents in Colombia. Materials and methods. This nationwide study was conducted in 2020. Residents selfrated their exposure to workplace bullying and to sexual harassment in the forms of gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and sexual coercion. We analyzed demographic variables, perpetrator's characteristics, and differences between victims and non-victims. Results. The study included 302 residents. It found that 49% of general surgery residents in Colombia suffered from workplace bullying and 14.9% experienced sexual harassment. The main forms of sexual harassment were gender harassment (47%) and unwanted sexual attention (47%). Women reported significantly higher rates of being sexually harassed. Surgeons were the main perpetrators of sexual harassment. Conclusions. Workplace bullying and sexual harassment are frequent events in general surgery residency in Colombia. These findings suggest the need for interventions to improve the educational culture of surgical departments and decrease the prevalence of these behaviors.

Introducción. El acoso laboral y el acoso sexual son preocupaciones en la formación quirúrgica. Objetivo. Exploramos la magnitud de estos problemas entre los residentes de cirugía general en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio nacional en junio de 2020. Los residentes autoevaluaron su exposición a la intimidación y el acoso sexual en forma de acoso de género, atención sexual no deseada y coerción sexual. Se analizaron variables demográficas y perpetradores entre víctimas y no víctimas. Resultados. Se incluyeron un total de 302 residentes. Las tasas de acoso laboral y sexual fueron del 49% y 14,9%, respectivamente. Las principales formas de acoso sexual correspondieron al acoso de género (47%) y la atención sexual no deseada (47%). El acoso sexual fue significativamente mayor entre las mujeres. Los cirujanos fueron los principales perpetradores. Conclusiones. El acoso laboral y el acoso sexual son frecuentes en la formación quirúrgica en Colombia. Estos hallazgos conducen a intervenciones para mejorar la cultura educativa de los departamentos quirúrgicos para disminuir la prevalencia de estos comportamientos.

Prevalencia del Estrés Postraumático en médicos residentes, expuestos al SARS-COV-2 / Prevalence of posttraumatic stress in resident doctors, exposed to SARS-COV-2

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) en una muestra de médicos residentes del Hospital de Clínicas, José de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina, un año después del cierre total durante la cuarentena por COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: Se administraron los siguientes cuestionarios autoadministrados: una encuesta demográfica, el cuestionario de la Escala de Trauma de Davidson y la Escala de Experiencias Disociativas (EED). Se excluyeron a los residentes de primer año de especialidades básicas, a aquellos que por su especialidad no tienen contacto con pacientes y a los médicos con licencia fueron excluidos. Resultados: La prevalencia de TEPT fue de 24.3% (n=25). Las medianas de las puntuaciones de DES fueron mayores en los participantes con puntaje positivo para TEPT en comparación con los que no lo presentaban (Mann-Whitney U:13.30, p = 0.001). Se encontraron asociaciones entre el género (X2:6.074, p = 0.013), el TEPT y el tipo de especialidad (prueba exacta de Fisher, p = 0.017). No se encontraron otras asociaciones entre las demás variables analizadas y el TEPT. Conclusion: La prevalencia del TEPT fue similar a los informes previos. Se hallaron asociaciones entre este desorden, el género y el tipo de especialidad. Estos resultados deberían llamar la atención de los sistemas de salud para establecer medidas preventivas y terapéuticas para manejar esta situación.

Objective: Determine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of resident doctors of the Hospital de Clínicas, José de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina, one year after the total closure during the quarantine by COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The following self-administered questionnaires were dispensed: a demographic survey, the Davidson Trauma Scale questionnaire, and the Scale of Dissociative Experiences (EED). First year residents of basic specialties were excluded, those who for their specialty do not have contact with patients and licensed doctors were excluded. Results: PTSD prevalence was 24.3% (n = 25). The medium-sized ones were greater in the participants with positive score for PTSD compared to those who did not present it (Mann-Whitney U: 13.30, p = 0.001). Associations between the genre were found (X2: 6,074, p = 0.013), the PTSD and the type of specialty (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.017). No other associations were found between the other variables analyzed and the PTSD. Conclusion: The prevalence of the PTSD was similar to the previous reports. Associations between this disorder, gender and type of specialty were found. These results should draw the attention of health systems to establish preventive and therapeutic measures to handle this situation

Simulação realística: tecnologia para consolidação de competências profissionais para segurança do paciente / Realistic simulation: technology for consolidating professional skills for patient safety

Resumo: Segurança do paciente é tema transversal na assistência e no ensino em saúde. Esta pesquisa metodológica enfoca a simulação como metodologia educacional, realizada entre abril e dezembro de 2022, com objetivo de estruturar, validar, aplicar e analisar tecnologia educativa, com vistas a consolidar competências em segurança do paciente para profissionais de enfermagem e medicina em formação nos programas de residência em saúde. O percurso metodológico ocorreu em duas fases. A primeira fase compilou competências para a formação em saúde e a segurança do paciente (etapa 1). Este material foi utilizado em reunião de grupo focal com líderes e chefias de serviços associados à qualidade e educação para subsidiar a identificação de fragilidades em segurança do paciente (etapa 2). A segunda fase correspondeu ao cenário de simulação, composta por oito etapas. A partir das fragilidades, definiram-se os objetivos de aprendizagem (etapa 1) que guiaram a elaboração de compilado teórico-prático nos subtemas educacionais (etapa 2), o qual foi discutido em workshop com os residentes (etapa 3). O cenário foi elaborado a partir de texto narrativo, concebido em ambiente assistencial hipotético, desenvolvido em ambiente simulado (etapa 4); esse foi avaliado pelos componentes do grupo focal (etapa 5). Após treinamento e orientações, ocorreram a simulação e observação crítica da cena pelos participantes (etapas 6 e 7). A oitava etapa correspondeu ao debriefing, com análise do desenvolvimento dos subtemas educacionais; e análise da simulação como recurso para o desenvolvimento e a consolidação de competências em segurança do paciente. Empregou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo dos depoimentos transcritos; as fases foram registradas descritivamente; os resultados quantitativos foram analisados a partir de números absolutos e relativos. Para a validação do cenário foram utilizados os resultados do ranking médio e de confiabilidade. As fases e etapas sistematizadas foram compiladas em formato de Guia. As lacunas vinculadas às competências e que perfizeram os subtemas educacionais foram relativas à comunicação, adesão aos protocolos de segurança, continuidade do cuidado e trabalho em equipe. Foram objetivos educacionais: desenvolver a comunicação entre a equipe interprofissional; entender a importância dos protocolos e da inserção do paciente no processo de cuidar; desenvolver e consolidar competências profissionais relativas à segurança do paciente. Síntese da literatura subsidiou a contextualização das lacunas, guiando a compreensão e aproximação entre a teoria e a prática, a partir da discussão de casos, revisando e agregando conhecimentos. O cenário simulado foi elaborado e validado de acordo com os objetivos educacionais, observando-se os indicadores estabelecidos; a cena se desenvolveu concomitantemente à observação, propiciando análise crítica dos participantes da pesquisa. A tecnologia de modelagem educacional foi avaliada positivamente quanto às contribuições para o aprendizado e a consolidação de competências; concorreu para simular o cotidiano assistencial e fomentar a reflexão acerca de ações preventivas ao risco para o paciente. A estratégia educacional contribuiu para vigorizar competências em segurança do paciente entre profissionais em formação, cujo método para desenvolvimento e avaliação, compilado na forma de Guia, permite a replicação do percurso metodológico, com vistas à promoção da segurança do paciente.

Abstract: Patient safety is a cross-cutting theme in health care and education. This methodological research focuses on simulation as an educational methodology, carried out between April and December 2022, with the objective of structuring, validating, applying and analyzing educational technology, with a view to consolidating competences in patient safety for nursing and medical professionals in training in the programs residency in health. The methodological course took place in two phases. The first phase compiled competences for training in health and patient safety (step 1). This material was used in a focus group meeting with leaders and heads of services associated with quality and education to support the identification of weaknesses in patient safety (stage 2). The second phase corresponded to the simulation scenario, consisting of eight stages. Based on weaknesses, learning objectives were defined (stage 1) that guided the elaboration of a theoretical-practical compilation on educational subthemes (stage 2), which was discussed in a workshop with residents (stage 3). The scenario was elaborated from a narrative text, conceived in a hypothetical care environment, developed in a simulated environment (step 4); this was evaluated by the components of the focus group (step 5). After training and guidance, the participants simulated and critically observed the scene (steps 6 and 7). The eighth stage corresponded to the debriefing, with analysis of the development of educational subtopics; and simulation analysis as a resource for the development and consolidation of patient safety skills. The technique of content analysis of the transcribed testimonies was used; phases were descriptively recorded; the quantitative results were analyzed from absolute and relative numbers. For the validation of the scenario, the results of the average ranking and reliability were used. The systematized phases and steps were compiled in a Guide format. The gaps linked to competences and that made up the educational subtopics were related to communication, adherence to safety protocols, continuity of care and teamwork. The educational objectives were: to develop communication between the interprofessional team; understand the importance of protocols and the insertion of the patient in the care process; develop and consolidate professional skills related to patient safety. Literature synthesis subsidized the contextualization of the gaps, guiding the understanding and approximation between theory and practice, from the discussion of cases, revising and adding knowledge. The simulated scenario was elaborated and validated according to the educational objectives, observing the established indicators; the scene developed concurrently with the observation, providing a critical analysis of the research participants. Educational modeling technology was evaluated positively in terms of contributions to learning and skills consolidation; contributed to simulate daily care and encourage reflection on preventive actions to risk for the patient. The educational strategy contributed to strengthening patient safety skills among professionals in training, whose method for development and evaluation, compiled in the form of a Guide, allows the replication of the methodological path, with a view to promoting patient safety.

Panorama atual do ensino em cirurgia ginecológica minimamente invasiva / Current overview of teaching in minimally invasive gynecologic surgery

A evolução contínua das áreas cirúrgicas se deve a estudos e pesquisas, avanços tecnológicos e desenvolvimento de equipamentos mais avançados. A cirurgia minimamente invasiva, incluindo a videolaparoscopia, histeroscopia e cirurgia robótica, tem sido impactada significativamente pelos avanços cirúrgicos. As técnicas minimamente invasivas têm se tornado padrão-ouro no diagnóstico e tratamento de doenças ginecológicas, proporcionando benefícios como redução do tempo cirúrgico, menor dor no pós-operatório e melhoria na qualidade de vida. O treinamento adequado do cirurgião e da equipe é fundamental para o sucesso do tratamento cirúrgico, e o desenvolvimento tecnológico e aprimoramento dos equipamentos impulsionam a cirurgia minimamente invasiva como uma área específica da Ginecologia. Métodos seguros de treinamento, como laboratórios de simulação, permitem o aprimoramento gradual das habilidades dos cirurgiões em formação, preparando-os para uma prática segura e eficaz. A literatura fornece ferramentas e conceitos para o treinamento em cirurgia minimamente invasiva, visando formar residentes e novos cirurgiões.

Formação de um residente de Medicina de Família e Comunidade no contexto da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Doenças Raras / Training of a Family and Community Medicine resident in the context of the National Policy of Comprehensive Care for People with Rare Diseases / Formación de un residente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria en el contexto de la Política Nacional de Atención Integral a Personas con Enfermedades Raras

Problema: Mudanças no perfil de morbimortalidade brasileiro têm evidenciado a importância das doenças genéticas, porém os dados epidemiológicos ainda são limitados. Desde 2014, a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Doenças Raras visa fomentar a assistência integral no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Entretanto, os profissionais da atenção primária ainda não são suficientemente capacitados para a abordagem das doenças genéticas e raras. O objetivo do estudo é apresentar a experiência adquirida por um médico residente em Medicina de Família e Comunidade em um serviço de referência em doenças genéticas e raras. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de estágio eletivo desenvolvido durante oito semanas no Serviço de Genética Médica do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos da Universidade Federal da Bahia (HUPES-UFBA). O estágio foi composto de rotações em ambulatórios, laboratório, enfermaria e participação em aulas teóricas. Resultados: O residente teve contato com conhecimentos e ferramentas de genética que são úteis à sua prática como médico de família e comunidade, auxiliando na atenção às pessoas com doenças genéticas e raras. Também identificou como ferramentas e princípios da atenção primária à saúde potencializam o cuidado em genética médica. Conclusão: A experiência situou o residente quanto ao seu papel na linha de cuidado em doenças raras, reforçando a responsabilidade do profissional da atenção primária na assistência integral.

Problem: Changes in the Brazilian morbidity and mortality profile have highlighted the importance of genetic diseases, but epidemiological data are still limited. Since 2014, the National Policy for Comprehensive Care of People with Rare Diseases aims to foster comprehensive care in The Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde ­ SUS). However, primary care professionals are not yet sufficiently trained to deal with genetic and rare diseases. The objective of the study was to present the experience gained by a Family and Community Medicine resident in a reference service in genetic and rare diseases. Methods: This is an experience report of an elective internship developed during eight weeks at the Medical Genetics Service at Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos of Universidade Federal da Bahia (HUPES-UFBA). The internship consisted of rotations in outpatient clinics, laboratory, infirmary, and participation in theoretical classes. Results: Residents had contact with genetics knowledge and tools that are useful to their practice as a family physician, assisting in the care of people with genetic and rare diseases. They also identified how primary health care tools and principles enhance care in Medical Genetics. Conclusion: The experience gave the residents a better understanding of their role within the line of care for rare diseases, reinforcing the primary care professionals' responsibility for comprehensive care.

Problema: Los cambios en el perfil de morbilidad y mortalidad brasileño han puesto en atención la importancia de las enfermedades genéticas, pero los datos epidemiológicos aún son limitados. Desde 2014, la Política Nacional de Atención Integral a Personas con Enfermedades Raras tiene como objetivo fomentar la atención integral en el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Sin embargo, los profesionales de atención primaria aún no están lo suficientemente capacitados para hacer frente a las enfermedades genéticas y raras. El objetivo del estudio es presentar la experiencia adquirida por un médico residente en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria en un servicio de referencia en genética y enfermedades raras. Método: Se trata de un informe de experiencia de estancia electiva desarrollada durante ocho semanas en el Servicio de Genética Médica de HUPES-UFBA. La estancia consistió en rotaciones en consultas externas, laboratorio, enfermería y participación en clases teóricas. Resultados: El residente tuvo contacto con conocimientos y herramientas genéticas que le son útiles para su práctica como médico de familia y comunitario, ayudando a atender a personas con enfermedades genéticas y raras. También identificó cómo las herramientas y los principios de la atención primaria de salud mejoran la atención en Genética Médica. Conclusión: La experiencia colocó al residente en su rol dentro de la línea de atención en enfermedades raras, reforzando la responsabilidad del profesional de atención primaria en la atención integral.

Experiência de profissionais e residentes atuantes no centro obstétrico acerca da utilização do plano de parto / Experiencia de profesionales y residentes que trabajan en el centro obstétrico sobre el uso del plan de parto / Experience of professionals and residents working in the obstetric center on birth plan use

Resumo Objetivo conhecer a experiência de profissionais e residentes atuantes no centro obstétrico acerca da utilização do plano de parto. Método pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida com sete profissionais e cinco residentes atuantes em um centro obstétrico de um hospital de ensino localizado no sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um questionário semiestruturado, no período de novembro a dezembro de 2020. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados a carência de conhecimento ou de atualização surgiu como um dos motivos para a não utilização do plano de parto, além do dimensionamento inadequado para atender às demandas do serviço. Entre as possibilidades para a utilização do plano de parto, têm-se a elaboração durante as consultas de pré-natal e a atuação de uma equipe multiprofissional. Conclusão e Implicações para a Prática a busca pelo conhecimento é a chave principal para aumentar a viabilização e, consequentemente, a utilização desse documento durante o pré-natal e trabalho de parto. O conhecimento acerca da utilização do plano e parto promove condições para o exercício da autonomia e protagonismo da mulher durante o trabalho de parto, parto e nascimento.

Resumen Objetivo conocer la experiencia de los profesionales y residentes de la salud en el centro obstétrico sobre el uso del plano de parto. Método investigación cualitativa, con siete profesionales y cinco residentes sanitarios en un centro obstétrico de un hospital localizado en el sur de Brasil. La recopilación de datos se produjo mediante un cuestionario semiestructurado, en el período de noviembre a diciembre de 2020. Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a un análisis de contenido temático. Resultados la falta de conocimiento o de actualización surgió como una de las razones para no utilizar el plan de parto, además del inadecuado dimensionamiento para satisfacer las demandas del servicio. Entre las posibilidades para la utilización del plano de parto, está la elaboración durante las consultas prenatales y la actuación de un equipo multiprofesional. Conclusión e Implicaciones para la práctica La búsqueda de conocimiento es la clave para aumentar la viabilidad y, en cnsecuencia, la utilización de este documento durante el prenatal y el trabajo de parto. El conocimiento sobre el uso del plan de parto y nacimiento promoverá las condiciones para el ejercicio de la autonomía y el protagonismo de las mujeres durante el trabajo de parto, el parto y el nacimiento.

Abstract Objective to know the experience of professionals and residents working at an obstetric center about birth plan use. Method qualitative research, developed with seven professionals and five residents working at an obstetric center of a teaching hospital located in southern Brazil. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, from November to December 2020. The data obtained were submitted to thematic content analysis. Results the lack of knowledge or updating emerged as one of the reasons for not using the birth plan, in addition to inadequate sizing to meet the service demands. Among the possibilities for birth plan use, there is the elaboration during prenatal consultations and the performance of a multidisciplinary team. Conclusion and Implications for practice The search for knowledge is the main key to increase feasibility and, consequently, the use of this document during prenatal and labor. Knowledge about birth plan use promotes conditions for women to exercise autonomy and role during labor, childbirth and birth.

Intervenções psicológicas necessárias: a prática como residente no serviço de medicina fetal / Necessary psychological interventions: the practice as a resident in the fetal medicine service / Intervenciones psicológicas necesarias: la práctica como residente en el servicio de medicina fetal

Com os avanços tecnológicos e o aprimoramento da prática médica via ultrassonografia, já é possível detectar possíveis problemas no feto desde a gestação. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prática do psicólogo no contexto de gestações que envolvem riscos fetais. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo sob formato de relato de experiência como psicólogo residente no Serviço de Medicina Fetal da Maternidade Escola da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Os registros, feitos por observação participante e diário de campo, foram analisados em dois eixos temáticos: 1) intervenções psicológicas no trabalho em equipe em consulta de pré-natal, exame de ultrassonografia e procedimento de amniocentese; e 2) intervenções psicológicas em casos de bebês incompatíveis com a vida. Os resultados indicaram que o psicólogo nesse serviço é essencial para atuar de forma multiprofissional na assistência pré-natal para gravidezes de alto risco fetal. Ademais, a preceptoria do residente é relevante para sua formação e treinamento para atuação profissional no campo da psicologia perinatal.(AU)

Face to the technological advances and the improvement of medical practice via ultrasound, it is already possible to detect possible problems in the fetus since pregnancy. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychologist's practice in the context of pregnancies which involve fetal risks. It is a qualitative study based on an experience report as a psychologist trainee at the Fetal Medicine Service of the Maternity School of UFRJ. The records, based on the participant observation and field diary, were analyzed in two thematic axes: 1) psychological interventions in the teamwork in the prenatal attendance, ultrasound examination and amniocentesis procedure; and 2) psychological interventions in cases of babies incompatible to the life. The results indicated that the psychologist in this service is essential to work in a multidisciplinary way at the prenatal care for high fetal risk pregnancies. Furthermore, the resident's preceptorship is relevant to their education and training for professional performance in the field of Perinatal Psychology.(AU)

Con los avances tecnológicos y la mejora de la práctica médica a través de la ecografía, ya se puede detectar posibles problemas en el feto desde el embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la práctica del psicólogo en el contexto de embarazos de riesgos fetal. Es un estudio cualitativo basado en un relato de experiencia como residente de psicología en el Servicio de Medicina Fetal de la Escuela de Maternidad de la Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Los registros, realizados en la observación participante y el diario de campo, se analizaron en dos ejes temáticos: 1) intervenciones psicológicas en el trabajo en equipo, en la consulta prenatal, ecografía y los procedimientos de amniocentesis; y 2) intervenciones psicológicas en casos de bebés incompatibles con la vida. Los resultados señalaron como fundamental la presencia del psicólogo en este servicio trabajando de forma multidisciplinar en la atención prenatal en el contexto de embarazos de alto riesgo fetal. Además, la tutela del residente es relevante para su educación y formación para el desempeño profesional en el campo de la Psicología Perinatal.(AU)

Low-fidelity simulation models in urology resident's microsurgery training

Purpose: To evaluate the gain of microsurgical skills and competencies by urology residents, using low-fidelity experimental models. Methods: The study involved the use of training boards, together with a low-fidelity microsurgery simulator, developed using a 3D printer. The model consists in two silicone tubes, coated with a resin, measuring 10 cm in length and with internal and external diameters of 0.5 and 1.5 mm. The support for the ducts is composed by a small box, developed with polylactic acid. The evaluation of the gain of skills and competencies in microsurgery occurred throughout a training course consisting of five training sessions. The first sessions (S1-S4) took place at weekly intervals and the last session (S5) was performed three months after S4. During sessions, were analyzed: the speed of performing microsurgical sutures in the pre and post-training and the performance of each resident through the Objective Structure Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS) and Student Satisfaction Self-Confidence tools in Learning (SSSCL). Results: There was a decrease in the time needed to perform the anastomosis (p=0.0019), as well as a progressive increase in the score in the OSATS over during sessions S1 to S4. At S5, there was a slightly decrease in performance (p<0.0001), however, remaining within the expected plateau for the gain of skills and competences. The SSSCL satisfaction scale showed an overall approval rating of 96.9%, with a Cronback alpha coefficient of 83%. Conclusions: The low-fidelity simulation was able to guarantee urology residents a solid gain in skills and competencies in microsurgery.

Compliance and perception towards COVID-19 preventive protocols among hospital staff in a tertiary health facility, Southwest Nigeria

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak response in Nigeria was challenged by the existing weak health sector and the frontline health workers for COVID-19 pandemic response are exposed to the pathogen. One militating factor undermining the control and prevention of COVID-19 in Nigeria was poor compliance to preventive measures. This study assessed the compliance with COVID-19 prevention protocols among healthcare workers in Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional study and subjects were selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Data collection was done using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire over a period of five months (JuneOctober, 2021). Data was analyzed using IBM, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0 and p value was set at <0.05 as the threshold for statistical significance. Results: Majority (60.1%), of the respondents got information on COVID-19 protocols through seminars and workshops. However, more than a quarter (28.8%) of the respondents said the use of available PPE was suboptimal. More than one-third, (35.8%), of respondents believe the protocols are too strict. There is, however, good perception (93.3%), but relatively lower compliance (58.7%) of COVID-19 protocols among the staff. Age, marital status and sex were associated with compliance towards COVID-19 protocols in this study (P<0.05). Identified significant predictors (p<0.05) of compliance include age (AOR=1.944), female sex (AOR=7.829). Conclusion: Most respondents had good knowledge of availability, perception of effectiveness, but relatively lower compliance with the COVID-19 protocols in this facility. The government or hospital authority make sure that necessary steps to further boost compliance are taken

¿Cómo ha afectado el COVID-19 a traumatólogos y residentes de traumatología en Chile? / How has covid-19 affected orthopedic surgeons and residents in chile?

INTRODUCCIÓN Desde marzo del 2020, Chile se ha visto afectado por la pandemia por coronavirus 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, en inglés), que ha provocado alteraciones en todo el mundo, causando un gran impacto en los servicios de salud y el personal sanitario. OBJETIVO Describir características demográficas y laborales relacionadas al contagio de COVID-19 en traumatólogos y residentes de traumatología en Chile. MÉTODOS Realizamos una encuesta on-line, solicitando información demográfica, datos laborales, exposición y contagio de COVID-19, sintomatología y medidas de protección. RESULTADOS En total, 567 médicos contestaron. De ellos, 37 (6,4%) tuvieron COVID-19, sin diferencia significativa respecto a género. Se observó mayor contagio entre residentes, 9 de 73 (12,3%), que entre traumatólogos, 28 de 494 (5,7%), así como mayor contagio entre quienes trabajaron más de 60 horas (p <0,05). De los contagiados, 31 (83,8%) eran de la Región Metropolitana (RM), cuyo contagio es significativamente mayor que en el resto de las regiones (p < 0,05). Sólo 8 (21,6%) de los contagiados presentaban antecedentes médicos. Requirieron hospitalización 3 (5,4%), 1 de los cuales en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), y el resto fue manejado en forma domiciliaria. El sitio de contagio más frecuente fue el trabajo, siendo las áreas comunes las más sospechadas, seguidas de la atención ambulatoria y las áreas de hospitalización traumatológica. Un 40.5% (15) reportó haber contagiado a alguien más. Hubo además un impacto en los ingresos de los traumatólogos: un 14,8% (84) refirió una disminución menor al 20%, y un 45%, disminución mayor al 50%. Esta fue mayor en los traumatólogos que en los residentes, y en aquellos de la RM que en otras regiones (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIÓN Aunque la actividad traumatológica se ha visto disminuida por la pandemia, los traumatólogos se han visto expuestos al riesgo de contagio por COVID-19. El trabajo parece ser el lugar de mayor riesgo, sobre todo las áreas comunes.

BACKGROUND Since March 2020, Chile has been affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has caused disruptions throughout the world, greatly impacting health services and healthcare workers. OBJETIVE To describe the demographic characteristics related to the COVID-19 pandemic in orthopedic surgeons and orthopedic surgery residents in Chile. METHODS We conducted an on-line survey requesting data on demographics, work, exposure to and infection by COVID-19, symptoms, and protection practices. RESULTS A total of 567 surgeons answered the survey; 37 (6.4%) had had COVID-19, without gender differences. There was a higher rate of infection among residents, 9 from 73 (12.3%), than among surgeons, 28 from 494 (5.7%), as well as higher rates of infection among those working more than 60 hours (p < 0.05). Among those infected, 31 (83.8%) were from the Metropolitan Region (MR), where the rate of infection was significantly higher compared with other regions (p < 0.05). Only 8 (21.6%) of those infected had medical history. Hospitalization was required by 3 (5.4%), 1 of them in the Intensive care Unit (ICU), and the remaining were handled at home. The most frequent location of infection was the workplace, with the common areas being the main suspected sites, followed by outpatient clinics and orthopedic surgery wards. In total, 40.5% (15) of the sample reported having infected other individuals. There was also an impact in the surgeon's income: 14.8% (84) reported a decrease lower than 20%, and 45% (256), a decrease higher than 50%. This decrease was higher among surgeons than among residents, and higher among those from the MR compared to other regions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Even though orthopedic surgery practice has been reduced by the pandemic, orthopedic surgeons have been exposed to the risk of infection by COVID-19. The workplace seems to be the site that poses the greatest risk, especially the common areas.

Estratégias e dificuldades encontradas na comunicação de notícias difíceis em um hospital universitário / Strategies and difficulties found in communicating difficult news in a university hospital / Estrategias y dificultades encontradas para comunicar noticias difíciles en un hospital universitario

O trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar estratégias e dificuldades que influenciam o processo de Comunicação de Notícias Difíceis por médicos em um hospital universitário. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório, de orientação qualitativa, sobre as estratégias e dificuldades encontradas por residentes (R1, R2 ou R3) e staffs, dos quatro programas da área médica: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (GO), Pediatria, Cirurgia Geral (CG) e Clínica Médica (CM). A partir de uma entrevista semiestruturada para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), que mostrou como é importante utilizar protocolos para subsidiar a melhor abordagem com o paciente. Além da formação profissional, para realizar a comunicação de notícias difíceis, foi citado o protocolo SPIKES, seus pontos estratégicos e como ele pode auxiliar o profissional a realizar a melhor conduta. No que tange às dificuldades, a falta de preparo foi um dos destaques, bem como a ausência de um local adequado para a comunicação e os aspectos emocionais envolvidos, tanto por parte dos pacientes quanto dos profissionais de saúde. (AU)

The aim of this study was to present the strategies and difficulties that influence the process of communicating difficult news by doctors in a university hospital. This is a descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative orientation on the strategies and difficulties encountered by residents (R1, R2 or R3) and staff from the four medical programs: Obstetrics and Gynecology (O&G), Pediatrics, General Surgery (GS) and Internal Medicine (IM). Based on a semi-structured interview, the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) method was used for data analysis, which showed the importance of using protocols to support the best approach to the patient. In addition to professional training for communicating difficult news, the SPIKES protocol and its strategic points were mentioned, as well as how it can help professionals to conduct themselves effectively. The lack of preparation was one of the main difficulties reported, as well as the absence of an appropriate location for communication and the emotional aspects involved for both patients and health professionals. (AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar estrategias y dificultades que influyen en el proceso de Comunicación de Noticias Difíciles por parte de médicos en un hospital universitario. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, con orientación cualitativa, sobre las estrategias y dificultades encontradas por los residentes (R1, R2 o R3) y personal, de los cuatro programas del área médica: Ginecología y Obstetricia (GO), Pediatría, General Cirugía (CG) y Medicina Interna (CM). A partir de una entrevista semiestructurada para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el método del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo (CSD), que mostró cuán importante es el uso de protocolos para apoyar el mejor abordaje del paciente. Además de la formación profesional, para comunicar noticias difíciles, se mencionó el protocolo SPIKES, sus puntos estratégicos y cómo puede ayudar a los profesionales a llevar a cabo la mejor conducta. En cuanto a las dificultades, la falta de preparación fue uno de los destaques, así como la ausencia de un lugar adecuado para la comunicación y los aspectos emocionales involucrados, tanto por parte de los pacientes como de los profe-sionales de la salud. (AU)

Assessment of the Performance of Orthopedic Residents in Clinical Practice / Avaliação do desempenho dos residentes em ortopedia na prática clínica

Abstract Objective To evaluate the performance of orthopedic residents while conducting clinical examinations. Methods The Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) was applied by three teaching doctors at four different moments. The instrument was adapted by the authors for use in orthopedics, with the development of descriptors for each evaluated skill. Supervisors were trained to use the Mini-CEX by the principal investigator through teaching materials and discussions, with standardization of the instrument descriptors. Results The mean scores obtained in the 4 evaluations for each of the 21 residents reveal improvement in the performances of residents in all skills assessed from the 1st to the 4th meeting. Conclusions We have found that the performance of orthopedic residents presented a satisfactory evolution, with progressive improvement in all skills.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o desempenho de residentes de ortopedia na realização de exames clínicos. Métodos O Mini-CEX foi aplicado por três docentes em quatro momentos distintos. O instrumento foi adaptado pelos autores para uso em ortopedia, com desenvolvimento de descritores para cada habilidade avaliada. Os supervisores foram treinados pelo pesquisador principal para utilização do Mini-CEX por meio de materiais didáticos e discussões e os descritores do instrumento foram padronizados. Resultados As pontuações médias obtidas nas quatro avaliações de cada um dos 21 residentes revelaram melhora no desempenho de todas as habilidades entre o primeiro e o quarto encontro. Conclusões O desempenho dos residentes em ortopedia apresentou evolução satisfatória, com melhora progressiva de todas as habilidades.

Translation and Transcultural Adaptation of the Milestones Instrument to Assess Teaching in Medical Residency Services on Orthopedics and Traumatology / Tradução e adaptação transcultural do instrumento Milestones de avaliação do ensino dos serviços de residência médica em ortopedia e traumatologia

Abstract Objective Orthopedics is not very common in many Brazilian medical schools, and there is no questionnaire to assess the teaching of musculoskeletal disorders during medical training. The Orthopedic Surgery Milestone Project is an assessment tool for orthopedic residents in programs or fellowships recognized by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the American Board of Orthopedic Surgery (ABOS). This study aims to translate the Orthopedic Surgery Milestone Project into Portuguese and to perform its transcultural adaptation. Methods The translation and transcultural adaptation consisted of the initial translation into Portuguese, back-translation into English, preparation of a pretest consensual text, and the subsequent elaboration of a final text. Results The final text was deemed adequate and equivalent to the original one for the evaluation of orthopedics residents throughout their program. Conclusions Given the lack of instruments for the assessment of orthopedic residents, the translation and transcultural adaptation of the Orthopedic Surgery Milestone Project were compatible; this can be an instrument for improved medical education.

Resumo Objetivo A ortopedia é uma especialidade pouco presente na formação de muitas escolas médicas brasileiras, sendo que não foi identificado nenhum questionário que avalie o ensino das desordens musculoesqueléticas durante a formação médica. O Orthopedic Surgery Milestone Project constitui um instrumento de avaliação de residentes de ortopedia nos programas de residência ou bolsas credenciados pela ACGME (The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) e pelo ABOS (The American Board of Orthopedic Surgery). O objetivo é realizar a tradução para a língua portuguesa e adaptação transcultural do Orthopedic Surgery Milestone Project. Métodos A tradução e adaptação transcultural consistiram na tradução inicial para o português, retro tradução para o inglês, análise para a obtenção de uma versão consensual pré-teste e posterior versão final. Resultados A versão final foi considerada adequada e equivalente à original para a avaliação dos residentes de ortopedia ao longo do programa de residência médica. Conclusões Diante da falta de instrumentos para a avaliação dos residentes em Ortopedia, a tradução e a adaptação transcultural do Orthopedic Surgery Milestone Project foi compatível, podendo ser um instrumento para uma formação médica mais adequada.

Efectos de la pandemia COVID-19 en la formación de residentes de cirugía general de la Argentina / Efects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the training of residents in general surgery in Argentina

RESUMEN Antecedentes: los sistemas de salud del mundo se han visto afectados en su lucha contra el COVID-19, generando efectos negativos tanto en la actividad asistencial como en la formación de los residentes. Suspender cirugías electivas, disminuir la participación de residentes en quirófano y otros cambios estructurales de los hospitales determinó que los residentes de cirugía experimenten un marcado déficit educacional en su formación. Material y métodos: modalidad observacional y transversal. Se realizó una encuesta anónima online de 20 preguntas a residentes de cirugía de la Argentina. Se confeccionó una base de datos para el análisis estadístico. Se valoraron variables categóricas y numéricas. Resultados: se recibieron 100 respuestas de la encuesta en la que se identificó predominio de residentes de instituciones públicas. Se calculó un descenso del 63% en la cantidad de cirugías en las que participaron los residentes durante la pandemia. El 77% usó plataformas virtuales para remediar el impacto en las instancias de formación académica. El 57% de los encuestados cuentan con programas de simulación quirúrgica en su hospital. La mayoría experimentó consecuencias negativas en sus habilidades quirúrgicas y en su formación durante la pandemia, pero se identificaron diferencias entre el grupo que dispone de simulación quirúrgica y el que no. Conclusión: para resolver el déficit educativo que generó la pandemia por COVID-19, y como medida para potenciar el aprendizaje de habilidades quirúrgicas en situaciones normales, este estudio recomendaría contar con programas de simulación quirúrgica y fomentar el uso de plataformas virtuales como herramienta de formación académica.

ABSTRACT Background: Health systems worldwide have been affected in their fight against COVID-19, generating negative effects on both healthcare activity and training of residents. Cancellation of elective surgeries, less participation of residents in the operating room and other structural changes in the hospitals resulted in an educational gap in the training of residents in surgery. Material and methods: We conducted an observational and cross-sectional study. A 20-question online survey was conducted among residents in surgery from Argentina. A database was created for statistical analysis of categorical and continuous variables. Results: The survey was responded by 100 residents in surgery; most of them belonged to public institutions. There was a 63% decrease in the number of surgeries in which the residents participated during the pandemic. Seventy-seven percent used virtual platforms to mitigate the impact on academic training and 57% count with surgical simulation programs in their hospitals. Most of them experienced negative consequences on their surgical skills and training during the pandemic, but there were differences identified between the group with and without surgical simulation programs. Conclusion: The availability of surgical simulation programs and the use of virtual platforms as an academic training tool could solve the educational gap generated by the COVID-19 pandemic and enhance the learning of surgical skills under normal conditions.

Impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en una Residencia Universitaria de Cirugía Plástica / Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a university-based residency program in plastic surgery

RESUMEN Antecedentes: la pandemia por COVID-19 plantea un desafío inédito en la educación quirúrgica mundial. La falta de actividad práctica, fruto de las suspensiones y restricciones, pone en jaque la capacidad de los programas de entrenamiento de ajustarse a los estándares de idoneidad requeridos para el ejercicio de la especialidad. Objetivo: comparar la actividad quirúrgica de los residentes antes y durante la cuarentena, y describir los cambios de roles asistenciales y de las tácticas para su formación. Material y métodos: observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se registraron las ciru-gías realizadas por residentes en los períodos marzo 2019-febrero 2020 (Prepandemia) y marzo 2020-febrero 2021 (Intrapandemia). Se compararon la cantidad y tipo de procedimientos, así como el año de la residencia. Se analizó también el porcentaje de variación en las consultas de consultorios externos. Resultados: se experimentó una reducción global del número de operaciones del 59% (n = 368 vs. n = 152). Los procedimientos estéticos programados disminuyeron un 64%. En cirugía reconstructiva hubo una caída del 55%: tumores de piel -64%, reconstrucción mamaria -54%, reconstrucción de miembro -40%, reconstrucción cabeza y cuello -13%. En las reconstrucciones interdisciplinarias llevadas adelante con otros Servicios se observó un comportamiento dispar. La atención ambulatoria en consultorios externos experimentó una disminución del 50% (n = 2603 vs. n = 1308) en las consultas presenciales. Conclusiones: durante la cuarentena se registró una marcada disminución en todos los tipos de actividad quirúrgica y asistencial de los residentes de cirugía plástica, lo que influirá en su formación y plantea un desafío para minimizar ese impacto.

ABSTRACT Background: The COVID-19 pandemic poses an unprecedented challenge to surgical education worldwide. The lack of hands-on activity, due to suspensions and restrictions, jeopardizes the ability of training programs to meet the competence standards required for the practice of the specialty. Objective: To compare residents' surgical activity before and during the lockdown, and describe the changes in healthcare roles and training strategies. Material and Methods: We conducted a descriptive, observational and retrospective study. The surgeries performed by residents during pre-pandemic (March 2019-February 2020) and intrapandemic (March 2020-February 2021) periods were recorded. The number and type of procedures and the year of the residency program were compared in both periods. The percent change in outpatient consultations was also analyzed. Results: The total number of plastic surgery procedures was reduced by 59% (n = 368 vs. n = 152). Scheduled cosmetic procedures decreased by 64%. Reconstructive procedures decreased by 55%: skin tumors -64%, breast reconstruction -54%, extremity reconstruction -40%, head and neck reconstruction -13%. Multidisciplinary reconstructions performed with other specialists showed different patterns. Face-to-face consultations decreased by 50% (n = 2603 vs. n = 1308). Conclusions: During the lockdown, there was a marked decrease in all the types of surgical and healthcare activities among residents in plastic surgery which will influence their training, posing a challenge to minimize this impact.